- The coalition government must put national security first without sacrificing goodwill with its constituents or its neighbours.
- It takes careful balancing to navigate the foreign policy landscape as India’s new coalition government takes the reigns of the administration.
- The difficulties are complex and include maintaining policy consistency, handling external relations, and resolving internal conflicts.
India, a growing world power, must contend with a dynamic and complicated international environment. The nation faces significant foreign policy obstacles as it moves to a new coalition government. These difficulties are examined in this article and contrasted with those faced during the previous dispensation.
China Relations: A Persistent Conundrum
The Chinese leader Xi Jinping and Prime Minister Narendra Modi held “informal summits” during the previous administration, which was governed by the BJP. The purpose of these summits was to discuss bilateral concerns and foster personal rapport. But significant progress remained difficult, as tensions over border conflicts continued in areas such as Ladakh and Arunachal Pradesh.
The violent clash in the Galwan Valley in 2020 highlighted the strategic challenge posed by China. The necessity for a strong reaction was highlighted by the deaths of Indian soldiers and territorial intrusions. There are concerns associated with India’s considerable economic links to China. Maintaining national security while balancing economic interests is still a difficult task. The Quad, which consists of Australia, Japan, the United States, and India, has become more well-known as a counterbalance to China’s influence in the Indo-Pacific. India’s role within this framework is crucial but requires careful diplomacy.
Regional Influence: Balancing Neighbors
Regional dynamics and internal changes posed obstacles to India’s influence in its near area. India’s situation was complicated by China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and Pakistan’s close relations with Beijing. The perception of Indian meddling and economic domination has led to an increase in anti-Indian sentiment in Nepal and Sri Lanka. To keep good relations alive, the new administration needs to reassess its strategy. It takes skilful diplomacy to handle the Rohingya issue in Myanmar’s Rakhine State while maintaining good relations with Bangladesh, a crucial ally. As Afghanistan is ruled by the Taliban, India’s contribution to regional stability becomes increasingly important.
Economic Diplomacy: Navigating Global Shifts
During the previous administration, economic diplomacy was extremely important, but India’s economic sovereignty was threatened by changes in the world economy and its reliance on foreign investment continued. Trade agreements that support Indian industry without undermining national interests must be negotiated by the current administration. Establishing new economic alliances and minimizing dependency on a single market such as China are vital. A major problem is luring in international investment while defending homegrown sectors and intellectual property rights.
Multilateral Engagements: A Global Voice
During its previous term, India actively participated in multilateral forums including the BRICS, G20, and SCO, pushing for reforms in international organizations. Addressing global health crises like COVID-19 and vaccine distribution highlights India’s role in global health diplomacy. India’s participation in the COP26 talks and its dedication to combating climate change are crucial. Pushing for permanent membership in the UN Security Council remains a priority.
Managing Tensions with Neighbors
Tensions between India and Pakistan still exist as a result of old grievances like Kashmir and cross-border terrorism. It’s still difficult to balance security and communication along the border. China and India have a disputed border, and recent conflicts in Ladakh have brought China’s geopolitical challenge to light. Terrorist organizations like Jaish-e-Mohammed and Lashkar-e-Taiba pose a threat to India. Diplomatic pressure, counterterrorism measures, and intelligence sharing are crucial. India’s prosperity is impacted by its economic competition with China and other nations, which makes striking a balance between economic interests and national security necessary.
Challenges for a New Coalition Government: Policy and Coordination
Foreign policy agendas of coalition partners are frequently different. It becomes vital to strike a balance between various interests while keeping a consistent strategy. Creating efficient systems for cooperation inside the coalition guarantees unified messaging and activities in the global arena. Decisions about foreign policy must be agreed upon by coalition governments with the leadership, which can cause reaction times to lag. It becomes difficult to respond quickly to international crises when several parties need to agree. It is a complex responsibility to evaluate current foreign policy commitments and strike a balance between continuity and new goals.
Establishing credibility with partners and making sure that talks for defence contracts, trade agreements, and climate agreements proceed well despite internal disagreements are crucial. It can be difficult to manage coalition dynamics and fiscal targets at the same time. Making strategic decisions is necessary to strike a balance between political demands and economic improvements. Agility is required to respond to both internal and external threats. Governments in coalitions must put national security first without sacrificing goodwill. It is difficult to preserve territorial interests while fostering trust with surrounding nations.
Conclusion
It takes careful balancing to navigate the foreign policy landscape as India’s new coalition government takes the reigns of administration. The difficulties are complex and include maintaining policy consistency, handling external relations, and resolving internal conflicts. Overcoming these obstacles will need adaptability, consensus-building, and effective leadership. India is still resolute in its foreign policy, even though coalition pressures may soften its choices. For the incoming administration to maintain strategic agility on the global scene, continuity and adaptation must be balanced.
Sahana A 
Saisha Kamla Dudha